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A computer along with additional hardware and software together is called a computer system. A computer system primarily comprises a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices and storage devices. All these components function together as a single unit to deliver the desired output.
A computer is an electronic device that can be
programmed to accept data (input), process it and
generate result (output). A computer along with
additional hardware and software together is called a
computer system.
A computer system primarily comprises a central
processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices
and storage devices. All these components function
together as a single unit to deliver the desired output.
A computer system comes in various forms and sizes.
It can vary from a high-end server to personal desktop,
laptop, tablet computer, or a smartphone.
Figure 1.1 shows the block diagram of a computer
system. The directed lines represent the flow of data
and signal between the components.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is given instructions and data through
programs. The CPU then fetches the program and data
from the memory and performs arithmetic and logic
operations as per the given instructions and stores the
result back to memory.
While processing, the CPU stores the data as well
as instructions in its local memory called registers.
Registers are part of the CPU chip and they are limited
in size and number. Different registers are used for
storing data, instructions or intermediate results.
Other than the registers, the CPU has two main
components — Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control
Unit (CU). ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic
operations that need to be done as per the instruction in a
program. CU controls sequential instruction execution,
interprets instructions and guides data flow through the
computer’s memory, ALU and input or output devices.
CPU is also popularly known as microprocessor
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